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Jacques MacDonald
Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald, 1st duke of Taranto (17 November 1765 – 7 September 1840) was a Marshal of France and military leader during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.〔In the English translation of the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814) his name and title is given as
James Stephen Alexander Macdonald, Duke of Tarentum (Alphonse de Lamartine (translated by Michael Rafter). ''The History of the Restoration of Monarchy in France.'' H. G. Bohn, 1854 (New York Public Library). (pp 201-207 ))〕
==Family background==
MacDonald was born in Sedan, Ardennes, France. His father, Neil MacEachen, later MacDonald, came from a Jacobite family from Howbeg in South Uist, in the west of Scotland. He was a close relative of Flora MacDonald, who played a key role in the escape of Prince Charles Edward Stuart after the failure of the 1745 Rising.
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